Some multiple choice questions about Western Civilization

The Byzantine Empire derives its name from:

Its founder the original name for Constantinople

It is not clear The name of its main god. The main difference that emerged between the Sunnis and the Shi’a in early Islam was over

whether Muhammad was a god. how to determine the authencity of the Qu’ran

how to determine succession to the Prophet Muhammad. the nature of God. How did the development of cenobitic monasticism alter monastic life?

Cenobitic monasticism required the practice of severe asceticism and flagellation in place of the simple prayer of the hermits. Cenobitic monasticism required frequent devotions throughout the day rather than the weekly devotion required of hermetic monks.

Cenobitic monasticism emphasized communal living rather than the isolated tradition of the hermits. Cenobitic monasticism isolated monasteries away from human populations, while the hermits established themselves within major cities where they could perform charitable works.

How did Justinian reform Roman law?

The law code was set around the central principle of defending imperial authority, thus giving it coherence. The law was allowed to adapt itself to different Germanic tribes so that it was relevant to individual people. The law was reformed around distinctly Christian principles in order to reinforce the new faith. The law was clarified, and outmoded laws were eliminated and contradictions resolved. Why did the religion of Muhammad attract a great number of believers?

Islamic clerics required all to convert to Islam or be killed. Muhammad’s power as a clan leader convinced many to embrace the new faith.

There was no competing religion in Arabia, and Islamic clerics could define the new faith without having to discredit an older faith. Its doctrine contained only a few central tenants that were straightforward in nature. What was the importance of the Frankish victory at the Battle of Poitiers from the point of view of the Franks?

It defeated the last of the barbarian tribes in Europe. It established the Carolingians as the rightful rulers in France.

It secured northern France against Viking raids. It halted Muslim expansion into Europe. Early medieval popes claimed that

the pope alone could appoint kings. the pope was God himself.

the pope had authority over other bishops. the pope had supremacy over the state. The Council of Nicaea established a creed in favor of what Christian doctrine?

That the bishop of Rome served as the Holy Father for all Christian communities That the resurrection of Christ was a symbolic event and not a literal resurrection of his body

That Christ is eternally begotten and of the same substance as God the Father That the Bible represented the inerrant word of God The Dhimmi were

Jews living within Christian Europe under the protection of the pope. Muslims living within Christian Spain under the protection of the Spanish king

Pagans living under Islamic and Christian rule. Jews and Christians with protected status living under Muslim rule.